Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

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Osteoblast-Prostate Cancer Cell Interaction in Prostate Cancer
To understand the molecular bases of prostatic bone metastases, we established two prostate cancer cell lines, MDA PCa 2a and MDA PCa 2b (1).

Prostate Cancer Cells Promote Osteoblastic Bone Metastases through
Furthermore, as prostate cancer bone metastases have both an osteolytic and Bone metastatic LNCaP-derivative C4-2B prostate cancer cell line mineralizes

Prostate Cancer Cells Promote Osteoblastic Bone Metastases through
Prostate cancer produces painful osteoblastic bone metastases. Another prostate cancer cell line, C4-2B, induces mixed osteoblastic/osteolytic lesions.

Osteoblasts in prostate cancer metastasis to bone : Article
Histopathological analysis of prostate cancer bone metastases typically shows .. have shown that the bone-derived prostate cancer cell line MDA PCa 2b,

Bone marrow scintigraphy in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in
2b). Bone radiogram showed osteosclerotic change of the same vertebra. (Fig. 2c). bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer Cells-Osteoblast Interaction Shifts Expression of
Purpose: Prostate cancer specifically metastasizes to bone where it leads to bone formation. We previously reported that coculturing MDA PCa 2b prostate

Bone metastatic LNCaP-derivative C4-2B prostate cancer cell line
of an osteotropic prostate cancer cell line (C4-2B) to induce mineralization. METHODS. tion of prostate cancer metastasis and growth in the bone

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In this case, bone metastasis would be called metastatic lung cancer. . to Strontium-89 for the Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Cancer.

Urology : Heterogeneous Activation of MMP-9 Due to Prostate Cancer
In vitro co-cultures of human prostate cancer cells (PC3 and C4-2B) and mouse, .. and osteoclasts in experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis tissue,

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2, B and C). A subsequent MRI revealed replacement of the bone marrow by bright It is well established that bone metastases of prostate cancer are

Osteoprotegerin inhibits prostate cancerinduced
The most common site of prostate cancer metastasis is the bone, with up to 84% .. SCID mice were injected intratibially with C4-2B prostate cancer cells.

Osteoblasts in Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone
Proteomic analyses of prostate cancer metastases might reveal additional studies have shown that the bone-derived prostate cancer cell line MDA PCa 2b,

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ACS :: How Is Bone Metastasis Treated?
Osteoblastic metastases occur most frequently in prostate cancer that has spread to bone. They are found less often in breast cancer that has spread to bone


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