Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

2nd biopsy prostate
Apoptosis, Mitosis, p53, bcl , Ki-67 and Clinical Outcome in
Fig. 1. Mitosis index of prostate carcinomas of surviving and. deceased patients. 0.0. Surviving. Died. 2nd biopsy. 1st biopsy

Dartmouth Medical School - Biopsy, not Screening, Detects Prostate
HANOVER, NHâ”While PSA (prostate-specific antigen) tests have become widely used to screen for prostate cancer, a biopsy is what actually determines the

USNews.com: Health: Prostate Cancer: Prostate biopsy
Fitted to the probe is a biopsy gun that drives small needles through the wall of the rectum and into the prostate. In less than a second,

Follow-up of the Transrectal Ultrasonographic Features of the
border of the prostate and the sextant biopsy. location. The second biopsy was performed. within 12 months of the first biopsy. Patients who

Urology : MP-11.15: Comparison study between ten core extended and
A significant percentage of candidates to prostate biopsy are initially Saturation prostate biopsy was performed as second biopsy in 18 (2.3%) and 56

Blackwell Synergy - BJU Int, Volume 98 Issue 5 Page 939-940
Reports 1â“5 show that 10â“40% of prostate cancers are detected at a second biopsy session, depending on the number of prostate cores taken and the sites

Prostate cancer detection in men with an initial diagnosis of
biopsy of the prostate for investigating men Prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed at:. Total. 2nd biopsy. 3rd biopsy

Is The Prostate Cancer Biopsy An Effective Diagnostic Tool?
At first sight therefore it might appear that the prostate biopsy is not a very satisfactory test but these results do not in fact mean that there is

Tales from a prostate biopsy - Low Blow- msnbc.com
You can read a lot about the procedure that is technically known as a prostate biopsy in the many good books that have been written about fighting and

KoreaMed - Basic Search
The cancer detection rates after each biopsy session, and reliable predictors for prostate cancer after the 2nd biopsy in those whose PSA level was in the

Clinical and analytical parameters that might indicate a second
MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was carried out a longitudinal study in a series of 435 cases with negative prostate biopsy. In 59 of these cases it was practiced

Needle Biopsy | Prostate Cancer Information | UPMC Cancer Centers
A prostate needle biopsy is a surgical procedure in which a small sample of A sextant (six-part) biopsy is the most common prostate biopsy procedure.

VA researcher finds way to identify which men need a second biopsy
All had been referred to urology clinics for suspicion of prostate cancer. All patients had one prior negative prostate biopsy. In all, the study included

Second Prostate Biopsy? Researcher Finds Way To Identify Which Men
A researcher in the Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center has found a way to identify which men

Scientists Find Way To Identify Which Men Need A Second Biopsy
Scientists have found a way to identify which men need a second prostate biopsy because they may be harboring life-threatening prostate cancer even though

Study Recommends 2nd Test Before a Prostate Biopsy - New York Times
Urologists agree that because prostate cancer grows so slowly it is safe to wait four to six weeks to perform a second test, even for men who are at high

Variables for repeat prostate biopsy
The yield of a second prostate biopsy is multifactorial and depends on the . Optimal predictors of prostate cancer on repeat prostate biopsy: a

Biopsy, Gleason and Your Prostate
Pathologists at most leading cancer centers do second opinion prostate biopsy readings. Here are three in the USA (these links are unsolicited,


2nd biopsy prostate
cancer option prostate
elevated psa radical prostatectomy
aneros prostate massager
cancer failure prostate radiation