Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

adenocarcinoma of the prostate stage
INCIDENTAL ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE:
Incidental adenocarcinoma of the prostate is an early stage cancer that is not detected by digital rectal examination (DRE). The patient presents with

Stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate. An analysis of 551
CANCER October 1 1987. Vol. 60. TABLE. 7. Results of External Beam Radiation Therapy in Clinical. Stage C Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate. Survival rate

Relationship of severe dysplasia to Stage B adenocarcinoma of the
performed for Stage B adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Severe dysplasia was studied with respect to its location. within the gland and its relationship to

MR imaging in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: interobserver
Patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate confined to the gland (stage B) are candidates for a potentially curative surgical procedure (radical

The Journal of Urology : Cryosurgical Ablation of the Prostate for
We present our series of patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the . the prostate for the primary treatment of clinical stage C adenocarcinoma of the

Stage A Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: Transrectal U and
the prostate. (TURP). were. compared. in 29 patients. with. clinical. stage. A. adenocarcinoma. Ten specimens. contained. no residual

Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Early Stage Adenocarcinoma of
Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Early Stage Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate This study is ongoing, but not recruiting participants.

Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer - Full
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Locally advanced (T2c-T3) adenocarcinoma of the prostate including: Bulky tumors confined to prostate (stage II) Tumors extending

Stage A adenocarcinoma of the prostate: transrectal US and
Stage A adenocarcinoma of the prostate: transrectal US and sonographic-pathologic correlation. Radiology 179:11, 35-39, 1991.

Prospective evaluation of men with stage T1C adenocarcinoma of the
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 336 men with stage T1c prostate cancer seen between 1994 and 1996, 240 (71.4%) were treated with radical prostatectomy,

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Stage-by-stage treatment alternatives.
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Stage-by-stage treatment alternatives. Soloway MS. Department of Urology, University of Tennessee, College of Medicine,

Influence of Local Tumour Stage and Grade on Reliability of Serum
Conclusions: In patients presenting with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, serum PSA alone is In patients with grade 3 and clinical stage T3-4 tumours,

IngentaConnect Do the current subclassifications of stage T3
Do the current subclassifications of stage T3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate have clinical relevance? Authors: Corn B.W.; Hanks G.E.; Lee W.R.;

IngentaConnect Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologic stage T3/4
Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologic stage T3/4 adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Ten-year update. Authors: Anscher M.S.; Robertson C.N.; Prosnitz L.R.

Clinical Trials
Conditions: adenocarcinoma of the prostate; stage I prostate cancer; stage II prostate cancer; stage III prostate cancer; stage IV prostate cancer; .

Landspítali University Hospital: Adenocarcinoma of the prostate in
RESULTS: A total of 414 men were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Of these, 370 were alive at the time of diagnosis and stage could be

Prostate Diseases Treatment and Symptoms trials
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00002981 - Active, not recruiting adenocarcinoma of the prostate; stage IV prostate cancer; recurrent prostate cancer

Leuprolide Effects, Dosage, and Side Effects trials
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003915 - Active, not recruiting adenocarcinoma of the prostate; stage I prostate cancer


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