Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

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NCI Cancer Bulletin for November 21, 2006 (HTML) - National Cancer
Adjuvant Radiotherapy Reduces Advanced Prostate Cancer Recurrence for the high rates is that most men are overly optimistic about their own longevity.

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Research Activities, August 2004: Clinical Decisionmaking
Participants were asked about how they viewed certain screening and treatment outcomes and quality of life with advanced prostate cancer.

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During that period, 404 men were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, of whom 114 had advanced cases, 271 were localized, and 19 were of an undetermined

Locally advanced prostate cancer
Radiation therapy alone for locally advanced prostate cancer has undergone . entry and that patients meet the usual general health and longevity criteria

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Although the evidence of prolonged longevity is slight, the U.S. Food and Drug Men with advanced prostate cancer often undergo hormone treatment used to

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an experimental vaccine to treat advanced prostate cancer as safe and effective. at whether it increases longevity of prostate cancer patients.

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These experts debated the current and future management and diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer. The presentations and discussions from this roundtable

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Steiner's most recent research has been in the area of gene therapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. He's applied to the Food and Drug

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Locally advanced prostate cancer or TNM stages T3 to 4 cancer 1 is usually is a powerful predictor of longevity in men with localized prostate cancer.

The World Health Network - Anti-Aging and Longevity
A tablet designed to emulate the healing power of the sun could be available for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer as early as 2009.

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The results provide evidence that resveratrol may have value as an adjuvant cancer therapeutic in advanced prostate cancer."

Green tea may cut prostate cancer risk: Japan study on Yahoo! Health
Drinking green tea may reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer, according to a study by researchers at Japan's National Cancer Center.

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Drinking five or more cups of green tea a day could halve the risks of developing advanced prostate cancer, according to a Japanese study published on


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