Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

after lowest nadir prostatectomy
New Prostate Cancer Marker, AZGP1, Low Level Predicts Aggressive
Low PSA Nadir and Longer Time to Nadir After Radiation Can Predict Freedom From Prostate Cancer Return March 16, 2006. This page made and last edited by J.

Equivalent Racial Outcome After Conformal Radiotherapy for
After RT, low PSA nadir and long interval to PSA nadir were strong .. Impact of Race on Prostate-Specific Antigen Outcome After Radical Prostatectomy for

UroToday - Prostate Cancer Progression in the Presence of
Of the 25 men who had undergone radical prostatectomy, 7 were hormone naïve at antigen nadir accurately predicts the risk of early relapse after radical

JAMA -- Salvage Radiotherapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer After
0.1 ng/mL above the postradiotherapy PSA nadir confirmed by a second PSA . No patient had received any adjuvant therapy after radical prostatectomy

Radiation Oncology/Prostate/Prostate Overview - Wikibooks
8.3 Definition of PSA Failure Post-Radical Prostatectomy. 9 PSA kinetics .. Memorial - After a nadir of <4, failure occurs if PSA rises above 4.

Heilbronn Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
We have used this already when performing open retropubic prostatectomy. The advantages are similar to a suprapubic catheter after low pressure TURP using a

Therapy of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy in 2007
as possible with low PSA values. Other good prognos-. tic factors were reaching a nadir in the zero level after. prostatectomy 14, positive surgical

Cancer Tips - CancerConsultants.com
PSA nadir (the lowest PSA level achieved) after androgen deprivation therapy was an Outcomes: A 40-Year Radical Prostatectomy Single Institution Series.

Blackwell Synergy - Int J Urol, Volume 14 Issue 10 Page 930-934
PSA nadir was defined as the lowest PSA value after radical prostatectomy. Although serum PSA values less than 0.01 ng/mL have recently become measurable,

Urologic Cancer
Patients were divided into subgroups based on their PSA nadir level and time to (PSA) should fall to undetectable levels after radical prostatectomy,

Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy or external beam
FIGURE 1. Estimates of prostate specific antigen failure-free survival after. radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy in low-risk patients.

Southern California Physician Content: Practical rules for
For example, when comparing post-prostatectomy PSA-DTs with very low nadir values against post-external beam radiation therapy PSA-DTs with higher values,

PSA Nadir
The PSA nadir is the lowest PSA reading achieved after any treatment for a PSA nadir of 0.2 ng/ml or lower is not achieved after radical prostatectomy?

IngentaConnect Radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: treatment
Patients whose PSA failed to reach a nadir less than 0.2 ng/mL after RT had RT is effective in select patients after RP. Given the low PSA velocity

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases - High-intensity focused
Patients with low nadir PSA after radiation therapy have been considered to Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation

Johns Hopkins - Brady Urological Institute- Prostate Cancer Update
Most radiation studies hinge on the concept of PSA nadirâ”the lowest point PSA After radical prostatectomy, a PSA of 0.2 signals a recurrence of cancer.

Journal of Urology, The : RE: ULTRASENSITIVE SERUM PROSTATE
RE: ULTRASENSITIVE SERUM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN NADIR ACCURATELY PREDICTS THE RISK OF EARLY RELAPSE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

The Journal of Urology : PREDICTIVE VALUE OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC
Therefore, a detectable PSA level after radical prostatectomy indicates local residual . This finding may suggest that patients with a low nadir who have


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