Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

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Protein Expression and Purification : Purification of prostate
Purification of prostate-specific membrane antigen using conformational Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II membrane protein that has

A Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Monoclonal Antibody
MLN2704 is an antibody-chemotherapeutic conjugate designed to target prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is a transmembrane receptor whose

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases - Targeting epitopes in
Targeting epitopes in prostate-specific membrane antigen for antibody therapy of Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a folate hydrolase that

Prostate-specific membrane antigen - US Patent 5538866
Prostate-specific membrane antigen - US Patent 5538866 from Patent Storm. This invention provides an isolated mammalian nucleic acid molecule encoding a

Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen- or Prostate-Specific
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical benefit from using circulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) mRNA

Analysis of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Splice Variants in
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a product of the folate hydrolase (FOLH1) gene, is. highly expressed as a largely extracellular

The homodimer of prostate-specific membrane antigen is a
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type 2 integral membrane glycoprotein that serves as an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy by virtue

IngentaConnect Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-specific
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed by prostate epithelial cells. PSMA-specific monoclonal antibodies

FOLH1 - folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1
The test detects messenger RNA species for prostate-specific/abundant genes such as PSA and prostate-specific membrane antigen. Paper-10694119.

Blackwell Synergy - Histopathology, Volume 50 Issue 4 Page 472-483
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) protein expression in normal and neoplastic tissues and its sensitivity and specificity in prostate

New Study Demonstrates That Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen
Cytogen Corporation(Nasdaq: CYTO) today announced the presentation of clinical datademonstrating that a high level of prostate-specific membrane

Warren Heston, Ph.D.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen: much more than a prostate cancer marker. Tumor target prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and its regulation

Phase I Trial of Yttrium-90--Labeled Anti--Prostate-Specific
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a highly prostate-restricted type II integral membrane cell-surface glycoprotein expressed in both benign and

Sloan-Kettering - SPORE in Prostate Cancer: Prostate-Specific
We are exploring the use of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen as a target for developing a prostate cancer vaccine.

Journal of Carcinogenesis | Full text | Prostate-specific membrane
Prostate-specific membrane antigen is undetectable in choroidal neovascular membrane Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II membrane

eMedicine - Prostate-Specific Antigen : Article by Stanley A
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100-kd type II membrane protein that is expressed in all types of prostatic tissue, including normal

Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and
Prostate-specific membrane antigen is a type II membrane protein with folate hydrolase activity produced by prostatic epithelium.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen: current and future utility.
One such new marker is prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is a highly prostate-restricted membrane glycoprotein that is expressed in normal

Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression as a predictor of
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that is highly restricted to the prostate. Previously, studies analyzing the


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