Medical Treatments for Prostate CancerThere are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy. The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped. |
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Prostate specific antigen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the cells of the In men with prostate cancer the ratio of free (unbound) PSA to total PSA is Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Tests Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) exists in blood in different forms (isoforms). and used in Prostate Cancer Risk Management are actually total PSA tests. Prostate specific antigen Percent-free prostate-specific antigen (proportion of free prostate-specific antigen PSA to total PSA) has been shown recently in studies on frozen serum PSA: The Test Also known as: Total PSA, Free PSA, Complexed PSA Formal name: Prostate Specific Antigen Related tests: Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) Clearance rates of total prostate specific antigen (PSA) after Clearance rates of total prostate specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy in African-Americans and Caucasians. Y Lotan and C G Roehrborn Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Free:Total Ratio Reflex Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Free:Total Ratio Reflex. Number. 480772. CPT. 84153. Related Information. Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP), Serum. Synonyms Prostate Specific Antigen, Free Percentage (Includes Free PSA 0080206: Prostate Specific Antigen, Free Percentage (Includes Free PSA In patients with total PSA concentrations of 4-10 ng/mL, the probability of KLK3 - Kallikrein 3, (Prostate Specific Antigen) - aka: PSA, APS The value of the ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen for staging Expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) correlates with poor CancerNetwork: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a tumor marker currently used for . for free-total PSA below which a prostate biopsy would be recommended, is unknown. Total and percent free prostate-specific antigen levels among U.S. BACKGROUND: Because total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and, more recently, the percent free PSA are used to screen men for prostate cancer, Free and total prostate-specific antigen serum concentrations do forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) obtained. before transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). considering the free fraction or the free-to-total |
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