Medical Treatments for Prostate CancerThere are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy. The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped. |
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Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Tests Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) exists in blood in different forms (isoforms). It can be bound to other proteins when it is often referred to as complexed, PSA: At a Glance Overview of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test, which screens for and monitors prostate cancer in men. Related test: Digital rectal exam (DRE) Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. PSA is released into a man's blood by his prostate Prostate specific antigen This article introduces the use of Bayes probability rule to calculate age and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-specific positive predictive values CancerNetwork: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a tumor marker currently used for early Lee W, Hanlon AL, Hanks GE: Prostate specific antigen nadir following High result in prostate specific antigen test -- Mokete et al. 327 A 52 year old man has been advised to see you after having had a prostate specific antigen test. He is worried that he may have prostate cancer, The Prostate Centre | Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is an enzyme produced in the ducts of the prostate and absorbed into the bloodstream. Here it may become bound to two eMedicine - Prostate-Specific Antigen : Article by Stanley A Prostate-Specific Antigen - Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. This enzyme participates in the Prostate Specific Antigen - Cancer Information (Cancers, Symptoms The prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a substance produced by certain cells in the prostate gland. PSA is a protein and is a part of semen that causes it Prostate specific antigen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. PSA is present in small quantities in the serum of normal men, The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Q & A - National Cancer A fact sheet that describes the PSA screening test for prostate cancer and explains the benefits and limitations of the test. National Cancer Institute Fact |
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