Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

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Gleason Scores from Prostate Biopsies Obtained with 18-Gauge
Gleason Scores from Prostate Biopsies Obtained with 18-Gauge Biopsy Needles Poorly Predict Gleason Scores of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY OF PROSTATE - Patent 3595217
A method and means for biopsy of the prostate gland utilizing cytologic studies as a basic for presumptive diagnosis. A biopsy needle is passed through a

Gleason's Grading of Prostate Needle Biopsies
The Gleason's grade of a prostate needle biopsy has important clinical implications, frequently determining whether a patient is a candidate for radical

Prostate Biopsy
For a prostate biopsy, a thin needle is inserted through the rectum (transrectal biopsy), through the urethra, or through the area between the anus and

Software Design of Transperineal Prostate Needle Biopsy Robot
of a percutaneous biopsy needle into the prostate guided by the prostate surface, needle, biopsy point and needle trajectory

CareFlash - Prostate Needle Biopsy
During a prostate exam, a doctor may choose to take a needle biopsy sample to check for prostate cancer. This surgical procedure removes tissue from the

Prostate Biopsy Needles - Urology Quick Pick - Medcompare
Prostate Biopsy Needles - Urology Quick Pick - Medcompare. Medcompare - The Buyer's Guide for Medical Professionals.

Prostate biopsy
After firmly placing the needle guide in the rectum, the biopsy needle is pushed along the guide, through the wall of the rectum and into the prostate.

The Journal of Urology : The Prostate Needle Biopsy Gun: Busting a
It is widely reported that a prostate biopsy gun needle advances 0.5 cm and then obtains the subsequent 1.5 cm of tissue. Based on this presumed skip area

Publications from Uppsala University : 987 - Positioning biopsy
One way to diagnose and quantify prostate cancer is to assess its presence and malignancy grade in cylindrical tissue samples taken with a needle biopsy

Needle Biopsy | Prostate Cancer Information | UPMC Cancer Centers
If prostate cancer is suspected, a biopsy is recommended. A prostate needle biopsy is a surgical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from

Prostate cancer tests
Needle biopsy If a lump or hardening of your prostate is found during your rectal examination, your specialist may take a sample of cells (a biopsy) to

Minimal Adenocarcinoma in Prostate Needle Biopsy Tissue
One of the major diagnostic challenges in prostate needle biopsy interpretation is definitive establishment of a malignant diagnosis based on a minimal or

A Primer on Gleason Grading in Prostate Needle Biopsies
Don't be hesitant about assigning pattern 3+3=6 to a needle biopsy simple because This is a critical cut-point in grading prostate cancer, as pattern 4

Re: Free Prostate Biopsy Needles
Specifically, your letter requested guidance as to whether the furnishing of prostate biopsy needles by laboratories without charge to urologists,

Diagnostic Techniques in Prostatitis --Biopsy
Needle Biopsy. If your doctor has reason to suspect you may have prostate cancer, a biopsy may be called for. In this procedure, a rectally-inserted device

Tests & Procedures - Prostate Biopsy
A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which prostate gland tissue samples are removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if cancer or

ACS :: How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?
A core needle biopsy is the main method used to diagnose prostate cancer. It is usually done by a urologist, a surgeon who treats cancers of the genital and


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