Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

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Prostate Cancer Anatomy. Base of the Prostate. The base is directed upward near the inferior surface of the bladder. The greater part of this surface is

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All about natural prostate remedies. Anatomy Definitions: Bladder: A sac in the pelvis that stores urine before excretion.

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Johns Hopkins Department of Urology - Prostate Cancer FUNCTION, ANATOMY. Located directly beneath the bladder, the prostate completely surrounds the

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of the prostate; a review. Annals of the. Royal College of Surgeons of England 14,. 92 (1954). 3. Hutch, J. A. : Anatomy and Physiology of the. Bladder

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prostate gland - a sex gland in men. It is about the size of a walnut, and surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra - the tube that carries urine from

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prostate anatomy. Anatomy. The prostate lies caudal to the urinary bladder at the. bladder neck (Fig. 1). A left and right seminal vesicle and

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2002 The Medicine Publishing Company Ltd. 225. ANATOMY. SURGERY. Urinary Bladder, Prostate. and Male Urethra. Harold Ellis. Urinary bladder (Figure 1)

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The urethra runs from the bladder through the prostate to the tip of the penis. Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.) online at bartleby.com and at

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Rights-managed illustration of Male Pelvis: Bladder-Prostate Junction from the Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4th Edition Author: Frank H. Netter

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or click on an individual term:. Anatomy · Bladder-Prostate Male Pelvis: Bladder-Prostate Junction The preview images do not contain enough pixels to

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Figure 1: Prostate Anatomy: Rollover with mouse to see labels. PS=pubic symphisis AFS=anterior Base = superior portion and continuous with bladder neck.

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Ureteral Orifice: The opening of the ureters into the bladder. Anatomy of Prostate With Profile. Click Here for "Prostate Anatomy Defined" Page 2

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orifice. Anatomy of the urinary. bladder, prostate and male. urethra. Harold Ellis. Harold Ellis is Emeritus Professor of Surgery, University of London

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The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located beneath the bladder and in front of the Anatomy (continued) Urinary Tract, Male Reproductive System

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Anatomy of the prostate gland Imagine a little bucket sitting inside your belly - that's your bladder. In front of this bucket is a small organ that looks


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