Medical Treatments for Prostate CancerThere are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy. The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped. |
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Sloan-Kettering - Biomedical Sciences - PhD Cancer Biology August 3, 2005 -- Prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death could delay progression of prostate cancer in Pten-deficient prostate cancer Anti-cancer Mechanism That Arrests Early Prostate Cancer NKX3.1 stabilizes p53, inhibits AKT activation, and blocks prostate cancer initiation caused by PTEN loss. Cancer Cell 2006;9:367â“78. UroToday - URS 2007 - The Role of PTEN in Carcinogenesis of Mouse NEW YORK, August 4, 2005 - Prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer delay progression of prostate cancer in Pten-deficient prostate cancer by Revealing For First Time How BRCA1 Mutations Cause Breast Cancer (2003) Pten Dose Dictates Cancer Progression in the Prostate. (1999) Mutation of Pten/Mmac1 in mice causes neoplasia in multiple organ systems. PLoS Biology - Pten Dose Dictates Cancer Progression in the Prostate BACKGROUND: In the western world, prostate cancer remains the most common malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The Pten MURINE PTEN NULL PROSTATE CANCER MODEL Lod scores for linkage to PTEN were calculated under the assumption that prostate cancer was caused by an autosomal dominant gene with Carter's estimate of No evidence of germline PTEN mutations in familial prostate cancer See "Dose of PTEN Gene Drives Progression of Prostate Cancer" on page e70. Mutation of Pten/Mmac1 in mice causes neoplasia in multiple organ systems. Pten Dose Dictates Cancer Progression in the Prostate Frequent inactivation of PTEN/MMAC1 in primary prostate cancer. Mutation of Pten/Mmac1 in mice causes neoplasia in multiple organ systems. Proc. Natl. Pten and p27KIP1 cooperate in prostate cancer tumor suppression in We hypothesized that forced expression of PTEN in prostate cancer cells would and inability of radiation to cause its typical G2M cell-cycle arrest. Adenoviral-mediated PTEN transgene expression sensitizes Bcl-2 In this study, we have demonstrated that a prostate specific biallelic deletion of PTEN in mouse prostate causes prostate cancer. Cancer Cell -- Wang et al. Findings show that one way BRCA1 mutations cause cancer is by knocking out a powerful tumor suppressor gene known as PTEN. BRCA1 mutations cause breast cancer Findings show that one way BRCA1 mutations cause cancer is by knocking out a powerful tumor suppressor gene known as PTEN. The new study is published online New study reveals for first time how BRCA1 mutations cause breast Global assessment of molecular changes caused by homozygous Pten deletion identified key genes known to be relevant to human prostate cancer, PTEN - Phosphatase and tensin homolog (mutated in multiple This refuted the notion that only complete loss of the Pten gene can cause prostate cancer and instead suggests that prostate tumor development correlates Dose Of PTEN Protein Found To Determine Progression Of Prostate Cancer When mutated or deleted, it causes cancers of the > read more Dose Of PTEN Protein Found To Determine Progression Of Prostate Cancer (Oct. 27, Mutation In PTEN Gene Can Cause Cancer And Autoimmune Disease CAUSE BREAST CANCER. Finding Implicates Tumor Suppressor Gene, PTEN suppressor genes altered in breast cancer, as well as in brain and prostate cancers. PTEN and prostate cancer--the devil is in the doses NEW YORK - Prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death for men delay progression of prostate cancer in Pten-deficient prostate cancer by Sloan-Kettering - Scientists Discover Anti-Cancer Mechanism that PTEN and Glioblastoma - PTEN and astrocytoma PTEN and Prostate Cancer . Loss of PTEN expression in paraffin-embedded primary prostate cancer correlates |
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