Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

cancer economics prostate treatment
Therapy Insight: Parenteral Estrogen Treatment for Prostate Cancer
( 2005) Efficacy of tamoxifen and radiotherapy for prevention and treatment of gynaecomastia and breast pain caused by bicalutamide in prostate cancer: a

Prostate cancer: 12. The economic burden
he economic burden of prostate cancer is substantial and growing. and treatment of prostate cancer. through this 13-part series. The list of

Docetaxel for the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic
Docetaxel is recommended, within its licensed indications, as a treatment option for men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer only if their

Economic conditions and marriage quality of men with prostate cancer
prostate cancer when young. KEYWORDS. prostate, cancer, economic conditions, .. treatment characteristics of patients with prostate cancer;

JAMA -- Abstract: Survival Associated With Treatment vs
Conclusions This study suggests a survival advantage is associated with active treatment for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer in elderly men aged

Challenges in Prostate Cancer - Book Information
12 Endocrine Therapy for Prostate Cancer: the Latest 13 The Role of Conservative Policies in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Diagnosis, management and screening of early localised prostate cancer
The diagnosis, management, treatment and costs of prostate cancer in England and Assess 1997;1(3) provides a strong link with health economic issues.

Cost of Cancer Care
Estimating health care costs related to cancer treatment from Stage, age, comorbidity, and direct costs of colon, prostate, and breast cancer care.

The Health Economics of Bladder Cancer
Economic analyses suggest that non-surgical treatment strategies for the management The economic consequences of prostate and bladder cancer in the UK.

ScienceDirect - The Lancet Oncology : The economics of cancer care
Of more importance is the effective development of services for types of cancer in which treatment requirements are changing rapidly, such as prostate

The Journal of Urology : Health-Related Quality of Life
Health-Related Quality of Life, Satisfaction, and Economic Outcome Measures in Studies of Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment, 1990â“2000

IngentaConnect The Economic Costs of Early Stage Prostate Cancer
Costs related to early stage prostate cancer arise from screening, staging and treatment. Cost-effectiveness models of population-based prostate cancer

IngentaConnect Pharmacoeconomics of Available Treatment Options
We identified 58 articles addressing economic issues related to metastatic prostate cancer. Treatment alternatives with considerably different costs are

Evaluation of economic consequences of a general prostate cancer
Evaluation of economic consequences of a general prostate cancer screening The direct costs in Sweden for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

Economic evaluation of general prostate cancer screening program
Economic evaluation of general prostate cancer screening program in France: a decision model. Perez-Niddam K, Thoral F, Charvet-Protat S.

Prostate cancer: 12. The economic burden
Prostate cancer: 12. The economic burden. S A Grover, H Zowall, L Coupal, A structured literature review of treatment for localized prostate cancer.

The economic burden of prostate cancer in Canada: forecasts from
BACKGROUND: We developed an economic model of prostate cancer management from . Computer modeling of prostate cancer treatment. A paradigm for oncologic

Could we measure the efficiency of prostate cancer treatment? A
We presented the methodology of economic analysis. To review its application in prostate cancer treatment, we performed a bibliographic search in the main


cancer economics prostate treatment
cancer end prostate stage
greenlight laser prostatectomy
2b aggressive cancer prostate
ca of the prostate