Medical Treatments for Prostate CancerThere are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy. The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped. |
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PSA | Prostate Cancer Information | UPMC Cancer Centers Studies have shown that African American men, with and without prostate cancer, have higher PSA levels than other racial groups. Prostate Cancer- The Importance of a PSA Test on MedicineNet.com Dr. Melissa Stö¶ppler: "PSA levels alone don't give doctors enough information to decide if a person has prostate cancer or not since benign conditions, Heavier Men Have Lower PSA Levels - Prostate Cancer Foundation On average, men's levels of PSA decrease as their body mass index (BMI) rises. PSA REMAINS BEST INDICATOR OF PROSTATE CANCER PROGRESSION ÁœIn our study, PSA levels measured before prostate removal surgery were significantly associated with the risk of recurrent cancer after surgery,Á« Freedland PSA & Prostate Cancer Minor elevation of the PSA levels is sometimes due to cancer, but normally a little PSA leaks from the prostate into the blood. If the prostate is enlarged Sloan-Kettering - PSA Test for Prostate Cancer Shown to Have "A single, elevated PSA level does not automatically warrant a prostate Even if the repeat test shows an elevated level, prostate cancer will only be Prostate cancer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The risk of prostate cancer increases with increasing PSA levels. 66 4 ng/mL was chosen arbitrarily as a decision level for biopsies in the clinical trial BMJ BestTreatments :: Conditions :: Prostate cancer :: How is it If your PSA test results show that you have borderline level of PSA and you have no other symptoms of prostate cancer, your GP should repeat the test one to Prostate cancer screening: Should you get a PSA test? - CNN.com The complicating issue is that conditions other than prostate cancer also can cause PSA levels to rise, including benign enlargement of the prostate, Prostate cancer with low PSA March 2005; 133-6 For prostate cancer serum PSA levels of 4 í¼g/L or more are considered to show Men with any prostate cancer were found at all levels of PSA (Figure 1), Detection & Screening - Prostate Cancer Foundation When thereÁ™s a problem with the prostate, such as when prostate cancer develops and grows, more and more PSA is released, until it reaches a level where it Screening for prostate cancer The higher the PSA level in someone with prostate cancer, the more likely it is that the cancer has spread. But there are other causes of raised PSA, Prostate cancer: Does PSA level affect prognosis? - MayoClinic.com Some research suggests that PSA may inhibit prostate cancer growth. Prostate Cancer - Interpreting the PSA Test Note: These levels are used only as a guide. It is possible to have prostate cancer and have a PSA level in the normal range, although this is uncommon. Prostate Cancer PSA Testing Faster, More Specific "At the first level, it is the best tool currently available to screen patients for prostate cancer. The level of PSA roughly correlates with the Prostate cancer tests Successful treatment shrinks cancer and so the PSA level falls. There will be fewer prostate cancer cells producing PSA so the level in the blood is lower. The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Q & A - National Cancer It is normal for men to have low levels of PSA in their blood; however, prostate cancer or benign (not cancerous) conditions can increase PSA levels. ACS :: Can Prostate Cancer Be Found Early? Because of an elevated PSA level, some men may be diagnosed with a prostate cancer that would never have caused any symptoms or lead to their death. ACS :: High PSA Levels, but No Prostate Cancer: It's in the Genes PSA, or prostate-specific antigen, is a protein produced by the prostate gland. Levels of PSA in the blood are elevated in men with prostate cancer, |
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