Medical Treatments for Prostate Cancer

There are many different medical treatments for prostate cancer that involve the clinical care of a healthcare professional. These treatments include expectant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Expectant therapy is to carefully observe and monitor the prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer cells often spread very slowly, many older men who have the disease may not need more extensive treatment. However, expectant therapy usually includes routine physician examinations, including digital rectal exams and PSA tests. The different types of surgery for prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy - an open-surgery procedure in which the entire prostate gland and surrounding tissue are removed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - surgery to remove part of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. Cryosurgery - this procedure involves killing the cancer cells by freezing them with a small metal tool placed in the tumor. Side effects of prostate cancer surgery include incontinence and impotence. Incontinence is the inability to control urine and may result in dribbling of urine, especially immediately after surgery. Normal control usually returns within weeks or months after surgery. Impotence is the inability to achieve an erection. For a month, or so, after surgery, most men are not able to get an erection. Eventually, approximately 40 to 60 percent of men will be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, but without ejaculation of semen, since removal of the prostate gland prevents that process.

Radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill or shrink cancer cells, and to decrease their ability to divide. Radiation is often used to treat prostate cancer that is still confined to the prostate gland, or has spread only to nearby tissue. If the disease is advanced, radiation may be used to reduce the size of the tumor and to provide relief from symptoms. Possible side effects of radiation for prostate cancer may include diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool, and colitis, problems associated with urination, a degree of impotence (inability to get an erection), which may occur within two years of radiation therapy.

The goal of hormone therapy is to lower the level of male hormones in the body, particularly testosterone. Hormone therapy does not cure the cancer, and is often used to treat persons whose cancer has spread or recurred after treatment. Produced mainly in the testicles, testosterone causes prostate cancer cells to grow. Thus, reduced testosterone levels can make the prostate cancer shrink and become less active. Most studies show that hormone therapy works better if it is started early. Chemotherapy is the use of powerful, anti-cancer medications to kill cancer cells.. Hospitalization may be needed to monitor treatment and chemotherapy's side effects. Common side effects of chemotherapy include: nausea and vomiting, hair loss, anemia, reduced ability of blood to clot, mouth sores, increased likelihood of developing infections, fatigue. Most side effects disappear once treatment is stopped.

following prostatectomy
Infrabladder "Cup Defect" Following Prostatectomy: Recognition on
Infrabladder "Cup Defect" Following Prostatectomy: Recognition on Bone Scintigram. James D. Slavin, Jr., John Mathews and Richard P. Spencer

Prostate specific antigen progression after radical prostatectomy
recurrence following radical prostatectomy in an equal ac-. cess health care setting. J Urol. 1996;155:1667â“1673. 6. Powell IJ, Banerjee M, Sakr W, et al.

Quick, Innovative Procedure Helps Men Minimize Incontinence After
"We're confident the procedure will enhance post-prostatectomy recovery, sparing men the significant loss in quality Use one of the following formats:

Haematuria: A Long-Term Problem after Prostatectomy
Objective: The causes of 'late' haematuria (2 years or more) following endoscopic and open prostatectomy were studied. Methods: Between 1994 and 1996,

Five-Year Outcomes After Prostatectomy or Radiotherapy for
Long-Term Outcomes Among Localized Prostate Cancer Survivors: Health-Related Quality-of-Life Changes After Radical Prostatectomy, External Radiation,

Vardenafil Improves Erectile Function After Prostatectomy
Men treated with this drug after nerve-sparing prostatectomy also had less depression.

The Palpable Prostate: ED After Prostatectomy - Part 2. Rehabilitation
In PMID: 17822466 investigators perform a randomized control trial which concludes that daily use of a VED starting one month after prostatectomy

Prostascint Helps Pinpoint Recurrence Of Prostate Cancer After
in the body following a prostatectomy, thus enabling more effective treatment. Following surgery, each patient experienced an increase in prostate

JAMA -- Abstract: Urinary and Sexual Function After Radical
Results At 18 or more months following radical prostatectomy, 8.4% of men were incontinent and 59.9% were impotent. Among men who were potent before surgery

THE CONTROL OF HEMORRHAGE FOLLOWING PROSTATECTOMY
THE CONTROL OF HEMORRHAGE FOLLOWING PROSTATECTOMY. Harold L. Foss. Full text. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.

Nature Clinical Practice Urology | Sexual function following
Sexual function following prostatectomy: role for steroids? on return of sexual function after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

IngentaConnect Ascites following prostatectomy: A rare
Ascites following prostatectomy: A rare presentation of comorbid disease. Authors: Aslan G.1; Soytürk M.1; Kefi A.1; Çelebi I.2; Akp inodot nar H.1

Ascites following prostatectomy: A rare presentation of comorbid
complication following prostatectomy. The onset of. ascites in a catheter-out period and increased mortality following transurethral prostatectomy: a

PDE-5 inhibitors after prostatectomy
Current and future strategies for preventing and managing erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2004 45:123-133.

b. Radiation Therapy Following Prostatectomy - Prostate Cancer
Undergoing radiation therapy following prostatectomy.

Using Epidemiology in Patient Education for Post-Prostatectomy
This article reviews and discusses the prevalence and incidence of and risk factors for urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery.

European Urology : Digital Rectal Exam Following Prostatectomy: Is
C.R. Pound et al., Natural history of progression after PSA evaluation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA 281 (1999), p. 1591.

Social Science & Medicine : Constructions of masculinity following
However, following prostatectomy, some participants experienced unexpected physical changes In the moments, months and years following prostatectomy,


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